who really discovered america
The discovery of America is a topic that has fascinated historians and scholars for centuries. While the commonly accepted narrative is that Christopher Columbus was the first European to discover America in 1492, there is evidence to suggest that others may have reached the continent before him. In this article, we will delve into the question of who really discovered America and explore the various theories and evidence surrounding this contentious topic.
Before we begin, it is important to define what we mean by “discovery.” The word itself implies that America was previously unknown and untouched by any other civilization, which is not entirely true. The indigenous people of America, commonly referred to as Native Americans, were the first inhabitants of the continent. They had been living and thriving on the land for centuries before any Europeans arrived. Therefore, the idea of “discovering” America is a Eurocentric perspective that disregards the existence and contributions of indigenous peoples.
With that in mind, let us now turn to the various theories of who really discovered America. The most popular and widely accepted narrative is that of Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer who set sail from Spain in search of a new trade route to Asia. However, there are several other theories that challenge this notion and propose alternative candidates for the title of the first European to discover America.
One of the most prominent theories is that the Vikings, led by Leif Erikson, were the first Europeans to reach America. According to Norse sagas, Erikson landed on the North American continent around 1000 AD. This theory is supported by archaeological evidence, such as a Norse settlement found in L’Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, in 1960. However, there is still debate among historians about the authenticity of this discovery and whether Erikson’s voyage can truly be considered a “discovery” since the Vikings did not establish a permanent settlement in America.
Another theory suggests that a group of Irish monks, known as the “Saint Brendan’s voyagers,” discovered America in the 6th century. Legend has it that these monks sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in a leather boat, known as a currach, and reached America. While there is no concrete evidence to support this theory, some historians point to the similarities between the Irish and Native American cultures as possible proof of a connection between the two.
Another intriguing theory is that the Chinese may have reached America before Columbus. In 2002, a team of researchers claimed to have found evidence of a Chinese settlement in Nova Scotia dating back to the 15th century. They also suggested that Chinese explorers may have reached the west coast of America around the same time. However, this theory has been met with skepticism and has not been widely accepted by the academic community.
There are also theories that suggest the presence of other European explorers in America before Columbus. For example, some believe that the Welsh may have reached America in the 12th century, led by Prince Madoc. However, there is a lack of concrete evidence to support this theory, and it is often dismissed as a myth.
While these theories propose alternative candidates for the discovery of America, there is also evidence to suggest that Columbus was not the first European to reach the continent. In the late 19th century, a map called the Vinland Map was discovered, which showed the outline of North America and was dated to the 15th century. If the map is genuine, it would indicate that Europeans were aware of the existence of America before Columbus’s voyage. However, the authenticity of the Vinland Map has been heavily debated, and its true origins remain a mystery.
Aside from these theories, there are also claims that other civilizations, such as the Phoenicians and the Polynesians, may have reached America before Columbus. However, these theories are not widely accepted and lack substantial evidence.
So why is Christopher Columbus still credited with the discovery of America? The answer lies in the impact of his voyage. Columbus’s journey sparked a wave of exploration and colonization by Europeans, leading to the establishment of colonies and trade routes in the New World. His voyage also had a significant impact on the history and development of the Americas, both for better and for worse. Therefore, despite the possibility of others reaching America before him, Columbus’s voyage holds great significance in the history of the continent.
It is also important to acknowledge that while Columbus is often celebrated for his “discovery,” his actions had devastating consequences for the indigenous peoples of America. The arrival of Europeans brought disease, violence, and displacement, leading to the decimation of Native American populations. This dark history is often overlooked in discussions of the discovery of America and serves as a reminder of the damaging effects of colonialism.
In conclusion, the question of who really discovered America remains a complex and contentious one. While Columbus is traditionally credited with the discovery, there is evidence to suggest that others may have reached the continent before him. Regardless of who was the first European to set foot on American soil, it is essential to recognize the contributions and existence of indigenous peoples who had been living on the land for centuries before any Europeans arrived. The discovery of America is not a single event but a continuous process of exploration and interaction between different cultures and civilizations.
block restricted calls on android
With the widespread use of smartphones, the need for restricting certain calls on Android devices has become increasingly important. Whether it is to prevent unauthorized calls or to limit distractions, there are various reasons why someone may want to block restricted calls on their Android phone. In this article, we will discuss the various methods and tools available to block restricted calls on Android devices.
Before we delve into the methods of blocking restricted calls, let us first understand what exactly are restricted calls. These are incoming calls that do not display the caller’s phone number or show up as “Unknown” or “Private” on the caller ID. This can be due to the caller having a blocked or hidden number, or the call being made from a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service. While some restricted calls may be legitimate, others may be spam or telemarketing calls, which can be annoying and intrusive.
Now, let’s take a look at the different ways to block restricted calls on Android devices.
1. Blocking Calls from Unknown Numbers
One of the simplest ways to block restricted calls is by using the built-in feature on Android devices that allows you to block calls from unknown numbers. To enable this feature, go to your phone’s settings, select “Call settings,” and then choose “Block numbers.” Here, you can enable the option to block calls from unknown numbers. This will automatically reject any calls from numbers that are not saved in your contacts.
2. Using Third-Party Call Blocking Apps
There are several call blocking apps available on the Google Play Store that can help you block restricted calls on your Android device. These apps use a database of known spam and telemarketing numbers to block them from reaching your phone. Some popular call blocking apps include Truecaller, Hiya, and Mr. Number. These apps not only block restricted calls but also provide additional features such as call recording, call blocking based on specific criteria, and more.
3. Adding Numbers to the Block List
Another way to block restricted calls is by manually adding the numbers to your phone’s block list. This can be done by going to your phone’s call log, selecting the number you want to block, and choosing the option to “Block” or “Add to block list.” This method is useful for blocking specific numbers that may be harassing or spamming you with unwanted calls.
4. Contacting Your Carrier
In some cases, contacting your mobile carrier may be the best option to block restricted calls. Most carriers have a feature called “Anonymous Call Rejection” that allows you to block calls from restricted numbers. You can contact your carrier’s customer service and request them to enable this feature on your phone. However, this may come at an additional cost, so make sure to check with your carrier beforehand.
5. Using Do Not Disturb Mode
Do Not Disturb mode is a useful feature available on most Android devices that allows you to block all calls and notifications, including restricted calls. This can be helpful if you want to avoid any distractions or interruptions during important meetings or while sleeping. You can customize Do Not Disturb mode to allow calls from certain contacts or set specific time periods for it to be activated.
6. Creating a Whitelist
If you only want to receive calls from a select few contacts, you can create a whitelist of numbers on your Android device. This will allow calls only from the numbers on your whitelist, while blocking all other calls, including restricted ones. To create a whitelist, go to your phone’s settings, select “Call settings,” and then choose “Call barring.” Here, you can add the numbers you want to allow calls from and enable the option to block all other calls.
7. Using Call Blocking Features on Your Home Phone
If you have a landline phone at home, you can also use its call blocking features to block restricted calls. Most modern home phones come with a call blocking feature that allows you to block specific numbers, anonymous calls, and more. You can refer to your phone’s manual or contact the manufacturer for instructions on how to enable this feature.
8. Installing a Firewall App
A firewall app can also help you block restricted calls on your Android device. These apps work by monitoring incoming calls and blocking those that are not from known contacts or numbers. Some popular firewall apps include DroidWall, Mobiwol, and NoRoot Firewall. However, these apps require root access, which may void your device’s warranty.
9. Using Google Voice
Google Voice is a free service from Google that allows you to make and receive calls using a virtual phone number. One of its useful features is the ability to block calls from specific numbers or all unknown numbers. You can set up a Google Voice number and forward your calls to it, so any restricted calls will be automatically blocked.
10. Manually Rejecting Calls
Lastly, you can also manually reject calls from restricted numbers by using the “Reject Call” option on your phone. This will send the call directly to voicemail and prevent the caller from reaching you. However, this method may not be feasible if you receive a high volume of restricted calls.
In conclusion, there are various methods and tools available to block restricted calls on Android devices. From using built-in features to installing third-party apps, you can choose the method that best suits your needs. However, it is important to note that some of these methods may not be 100% effective in blocking all restricted calls. It is always recommended to be cautious when receiving calls from unknown numbers and not to share personal information with unknown callers.
free call and text blocking apps
The rise of technology has brought forth many conveniences in our daily lives, but it has also opened the door for unwanted communication. With the increase in telemarketing calls and spam text messages, it can be frustrating and time-consuming to constantly filter through and block these unwanted contacts. Luckily, there are several free call and text blocking apps available that can help alleviate this issue.
In this article, we will discuss the top free call and text blocking apps, their features, and how they can benefit you in managing your contacts. So let’s dive in and explore the world of call and text blocking apps!
1. Truecaller
Truecaller is a popular app that is primarily known for its caller identification feature. However, it also offers call and text blocking services for free. The app uses a community-generated database to identify spam callers and allows you to block them with just one tap. It also has a “block by country” feature, which is useful for blocking international spam calls.
One unique feature of Truecaller is its ability to identify unknown numbers in real-time, even if they are not saved in your contacts. This is particularly helpful in avoiding potential fraud or scam calls. Additionally, Truecaller also has a built-in call recording feature, which can come in handy for important conversations.
2. Hiya
Hiya is another popular call and text blocking app that boasts a user-friendly interface and a powerful spam detection system. It uses a vast database of known spam numbers and user reports to identify and block unwanted calls and texts. Hiya also allows you to create your own customized block list, where you can add specific numbers or area codes that you want to block.
One of the standout features of Hiya is its ability to block “neighbor spoofing” calls. These are calls that appear to be from a local number, but in reality, are from scammers or telemarketers located in a different area code. Hiya also offers a premium version with additional features such as automatic call blocking and spam detection for text messages.
3. Mr. Number
Mr. Number is a free call and text blocking app that offers both basic and advanced blocking features. With the basic version, you can block specific numbers or entire area codes. However, the app also has a “community blacklist” feature, where users can report spam numbers, and the app will automatically block them for all its users.
The advanced version of Mr. Number includes features like reverse phone lookup, which allows you to identify unknown numbers, and call and text blocking based on keywords. This means you can block any number or message containing a specific word or phrase, making it useful for filtering out unwanted messages containing profanity or spam.
4. Nomorobo
Nomorobo is a call blocking app that uses artificial intelligence to identify and block unwanted calls. It has a vast database of known spam numbers and can block them automatically. Additionally, Nomorobo also offers a “simultaneous ring” feature, where it will simultaneously ring your phone and the app. If the app blocks the call, it will go straight to voicemail, saving you the hassle of answering unwanted calls.
One unique feature of Nomorobo is its integration with popular messaging apps such as WhatsApp and facebook -parental-controls-guide”>Facebook Messenger. This means you can also block unwanted messages from these apps, making it a comprehensive solution for managing all types of unwanted communication.
5. SMS Blocker
As the name suggests, SMS Blocker is a free app that specializes in blocking unwanted text messages. It uses a powerful algorithm to detect spam messages and allows you to block them with just one tap. The app also has a “smart blocking” feature, where it learns from your previous blocking patterns and automatically blocks similar messages in the future.
One of the standout features of SMS Blocker is its ability to back up your blocked messages to your email. This can come in handy if you need to provide evidence of harassment or spam messages. Additionally, the app also allows you to schedule a “Do Not Disturb” mode, where it will automatically block all calls and messages during a specific time period.
6. Call Blocker
Call Blocker is a free app that offers a simple and straightforward solution to blocking unwanted calls and messages. It allows you to create a blacklist of numbers that you want to block, and also has a “whitelist” feature, where you can add important contacts that you want to allow calls and messages from. The app also has a “silent” mode, where it will automatically block calls and messages without causing any disturbance.
Another useful feature of Call Blocker is its “area code block” feature, where you can block calls and messages from specific area codes. This is particularly helpful in avoiding telemarketing calls from different regions.
7. YouMail
YouMail is not just a call and text blocking app, but also a visual voicemail service. With YouMail, you can block unwanted calls and texts, as well as set up personalized voicemail greetings for different contacts. It also has a “ditch mail” feature, where it will play a message to unwanted callers that your number is out of service, effectively blocking them in the future.
One unique feature of YouMail is its ability to transcribe voicemails into text, making it easier to read and respond to them. The app also has a “community block” feature, where users can report spam numbers, and the app will automatically block them for all its users.
8. Calls Blacklist
Calls Blacklist is a free app that offers a simple and effective way to block unwanted calls and messages. It allows you to create a blacklist of numbers, as well as block calls and messages from private or unknown numbers. The app also has a “wildcard” feature, where you can block numbers based on a pattern, such as numbers starting with a specific area code.
One unique feature of Calls Blacklist is its ability to block calls and messages from specific contact groups. This is useful if you want to block all calls and messages from a particular company or organization.
9. Whoscall
Whoscall is a popular caller ID and call blocking app that boasts a vast database of over 700 million numbers. It uses this database to identify and block spam calls and also allows you to create a personal blacklist of numbers. The app also has a “smart search” feature, where you can search for unknown numbers and identify them instantly.
One unique feature of Whoscall is its “personal assistant” feature, where it will automatically block calls and messages from numbers that have been reported as scams or frauds. It also offers a premium version with additional features such as call recording and a “do not disturb” mode.
10. RoboKiller
RoboKiller is a call blocking app that specializes in blocking spam calls and telemarketers. It uses advanced algorithms to analyze incoming calls and determine if they are spam or not, and then blocks them accordingly. The app also has a “funny answering machine” feature, where it will play pre-recorded messages to unwanted callers, effectively wasting their time and discouraging them from calling again.
One unique feature of RoboKiller is its ability to block spam calls in real-time. This means that if a number is identified as spam by other users, it will be automatically blocked for you as well. Additionally, the app also offers a premium version with additional features such as call recording and personalized block lists.
In conclusion, these free call and text blocking apps offer a variety of features to help you manage your contacts and avoid unwanted communication. Whether it’s blocking spam calls, texts, or even voicemails, these apps provide an effective solution to minimize disruptions and protect your privacy. So why not give them a try and see which one works best for you? Say goodbye to annoying telemarketing calls and spam messages with these top free call and text blocking apps.